The Power of Timelines in the Elementary Classroom

February 27, 2022
Young children often have a hard time understanding the concept of time. In the Children’s House, children become comfortable with the days of the week and months of the year. They begin the study of measurement and telling time on a clock. And personal timelines that tell the story of the child’s life are used as a doorway into understanding the passage of time over years.

Illustrated as it must be by fascinating charts and diagrams, the creation of earth as we now know it unfolds before the child’s imagination.

Dr. Maria Montessori, To Educate the Human Potential

Children in the second plane of development, during the Elementary years, become fascinated by large numbers, including large measurements of time across generations or even eons. Elementary children are also emerging as social beings, seeking to understand their place in a greater context. For both of these reasons Elementary children are introduced to the structures of timelines, first as part of the Great Lessons and then in many other areas across the curriculum, including geology, geography, botany, zoology, anthropology and more. Here are a few examples of timelines used during the Great Lessons and corresponding key experiences:

The Clock of Eras

This chart represents the lifespan of planet Earth in terms of “cosmic hours,” so children have another way to grasp the concept of the relative amounts of time it took for Earth to form and for different types of life to develop.

The Long Black Strip

This black strip represents the age of Earth, from its very beginning. A 1cm strip of white represents the whole time that humans have been on Earth. This impressionistic lesson is designed to give children perspective on how recently, in Earth’s timeline, humans entered the scene. 

The Timeline of Humans

This timeline shows the story of the human journey from the end of the Pliocene (the emergence of our hominid ancestors) to the beginning of the Holocene, ending at the Bronze Age. Key events, such as the uses of fire and development of hand tools, are correlated with physiological development, such as the emergence of H. sapiens sapiens and the disappearance of H. neanderthalensis.

The Story of Language

This timeline introduces students to the development of communication over time and across civilizations. It covers the origin of human language: sounds, gestures, and pictograms of early humans, through the cuneiform of the Sumerians, the hieroglyphs of the Egyptians, and the first official alphabet of the Phoenicians. It explores derivatives of the first alphabet, which were created by the Greeks and Romans, and some additional ancient forms of writing, such as Chinese and Hebrew. 

The History of Numbers

This timeline introduces students to various forms and methods of counting and record-keeping, starting with the use of concrete materials, to the emergence of abstract writing systems, and eventually, more advanced number systems. 

BC/BCE Timeline 

The timeline begins from Prehistory and concludes to the Modern time period which is set off with a red background to represent the current time frame. 

Timeline of Civilizations

The timeline of Ancient Civilizations spans the period from 5000 BC to 300 AD. The timeline displays the empires that existed at that time as well as the factors that influenced their rise and decline.

Montessori timelines present just enough information to pique students’ interest. If too much information is included, the wonder of discovery is lost. When a student asks a question about something on a timeline, this becomes a springboard for further research.

Some students become inspired to make their own timelines. In doing so, they practice the precision of measurement. They also practice sorting and classification while deciding which information is most useful to include on a timeline. Students may notice examples of cause and effect and patterns that occur over time. They make connections between the content areas of the classroom, thus building a more integrated understanding of their world.

About the Author

Margaret Jarrell

Margaret Jarrell has a long history with Greenspring Montessori School. She was a Guide in our Lower Elementary program for five years before joining the Senior Administrative Team in 2013. Though she now works remotely from Florida, Margaret continues to be integral member of the Greenspring family. Her newest adventure is serving as the Director of the Greenspring Center for Lifelong Learning, whose mission is elevating and supporting the emerging generation of Montessori educators, leaders, and schools. Learn more about Margaret.

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